Notes

[1] Annual Development Coordination Committee Report to Congress, U.S. Overseas Loans and Grants, Annex 1: Obligations and Loan Authorizations, July 1 1945 – September 30, 2007. This and all other unpublished documents cited in this paper are found in the USAID onlime archives at http://dec.usaid.gov/   (Hereafter, USAID/DEXS)

[2] Congress and the Nation, Vol. V (1981): 106.

[3] USAID/DEXS. The Greenbook, U.S. Agency for International Development, U.S. Overseas Loans and Grants, Obligations and Loan Authorizations, 2007, http://qesdb.usaid.gov/gbk/index.html

[4] Clyde R. Mark, Israel: U.S. Foreign Assistance, Library of Congress, Congressional Research Service, Foreign Affairs, Defense and Trade Division, April 26, 2005, p.8

[5] Jeremy M. Sharp,  U.S. Foreign Assistance to the Middle East: Historical Background, Recent Trends, and the FY 2007 Request, Congressional Research Service, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division, March 24, 2006.

[6] William J. Burns, Economic Aid and American Policy Toward Egypt 1955-1981 (Albany, NY:  State University of New York Press, 1985), p.190.

[7] “Special International Security Assistance Act of 1979” (P.L. 96-35) Congressional Research Service.

[8] Ibid, p. 107

[9] Adel Safty, From Camp David to the Gulf (Montreal, New York: Black Rose Books, 1992, p. 104.

[10] USAID/EGYPT history,  http://egypt.usaid.gov/Default.aspx?pageid=6

[11] USAID/DEXS. Herman Pollack and Sally Ann Baynard, Near East Cooperation in Science and Technology, The Graduate Program in Science, Technology and Public Policy at George Washington University, Nov. 1978

[12] Public Law 95-384 September 26, 1978 (92 STAT.734)

[13] Henry Waxman, E-mail to the authors of this paper, April 28. 2009

[14] Public Law 95-384 sec (5) Sept. 26, 1978

[15] USAID/DEX. Raga S. Elim and Louis Cantori,  A Study of Regional Cooperation in the Social Sciences in the Near East,  November 17, 1978.

[16] USAID/DEX. Gerald David Miller,  Images In Conflict –Project 298-018 , Amendment – Issues Paper, Near East Advisory Committee, USAID,  United States Government Memorandum,  May 25, 1982.

[17] USAID/DEX. Aaron D. Pina, Palestinian Education and the Debate Over Textbooks, CRA Report for Congress, April 27, 2005 p. 9

[18] USAID/DEX .Kenneth Cushman and Ira Kaufman,  Near East Regional Cooperation Project: Mediterranean Youth Environment Training Program in Virginia, Egypt, Israel and Spain, 1985, Evaluation Report.

[19] USAID/DEX. Final Evaluation Report, 1996, Middle East Regional Infectious Diseases Project.

[20] USAID/DEX. Final Evaluation Report, 1993, Technological and Environmental Health Aspects of Waste Water for Irrigation Project.

[21] USAID/DEX. Anne Le More, International Assistance to the Palestinians After Oslo; Political Guilt, Wasted Money (London: Routledge, 2008),p. 179.

[22] USAID/DEX. United States Agency for International Development – National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Basic and Applied Research in Tropical Diseases of the Middle East, Final Evaluation, June 1996.

[23] USAID/DEX. Moroccan Cooperative Agricultural Research Program, Project Final Report, January 1998.

[24] USAID Development Experience Clearinghouse, Bur. For Near East. Middle East Regional Cooperation Program, http://dec.usaid.gov

[25] Johan Galtung, “Cultural Violence,”  Journal of Peace Research, 27, no. 3 (1990) : 291-305

[26] USAID/DEX. Sobhi Basheer, et al, Reducing the Environmental Impact of Olive Mill Wastewater in the Middle East, Semi-Annual Report No. 1, January 26, 2002.

[27] USAID/DEX. Isam Sabbah, et al, Recycling of Olive Mill Waste by Combining a Composting System Beside a Wastewater Treatment Scheme, Semi-Annual Progress Report No 4. June 30, 2004.

[28] USAID/DEX. Mustafa Natour, et al, A Regional Strategy for Control of  bactrocera oleae- the Olive Fly, Semi-Annual Progress Report No. 1, November 30, 2007.

[29] USAID/DEX. Krishna Kumar, Scientific Cooperation and Peace Building: A Case Study of USAID’s Middle East Regional Cooperation Program, USAID Evaluation Special Study Report No. 77, 1998

[30] Ibid., p.31

[31] Dr. R. Rawson, telephone interview, May 8, 2009

[32] USAID/DEX. Richard Rawson, A Substance Abuse Monitoring System for Israeli and Palestinian Communities, Semi-Annual Report, USAID, June 2004.

[33] Dr. Rawson added a personal note at the end of our interview.   In December 2008, as the war in  Gaza raged, Dr. Afifi worked in the Gaza hospital emergency room; during one particularly heavy Israeli bombing raid,  much of his house was destroyed.  The son of Dr. Isralowitz, his Israeli counterpart, was doing his military service in Gaza, while Dr. Afifi’s daughter was moving severely wounded from Gaza to a hospital in Tel Aviv.  The two sought each other out in the midst of the fighting and shared a moment of quiet conversation.

[34] Pollack and Baynard, Near East Cooperation in Science and Technology, p. 6.

[35] Ibid.,  p. 2.

[36] Clause Alvares, “Science “in The Development Dictionary, Wolfgang Sachs  ed. (London: Zed Books, Ltd., 1997), p. 220.

[37] Henry Waxman. E-mail communication to the author, April 28, 2009.

[38] USAID/DEX. The Israeli-Palestinian Interim Agreement on the West Bank and the Gaza Strip. September 28, 1995.  Annex VI, Article VIII, Paragraph 1.

[39] USAID DEX. Guidelines for MERC pre-proposals for December 15, 2008.

[40] For a list of groups promoting cooperation and dialogue see: http://www.mideastweb.org/dialogdir.htm