Notes
[1] US Department of State, “Country Reports on Terrorism,” Office of the Coordinator for Counterterrorism. April 30, 2007, http://www.state.gov/s/ct/rls/crt/2006/82730.htm (accessed July 07, 2008).
[2] An Islamic oriented militant group based in Cape Town, South Africa formed in 1996.
[3] Josh Lefkowitz,, “Terror’s South African Front,” The Investigative Project, August 19, 2004, http://www.inthenationalinterest.com/Articles/Vol3Issue33/Vol3Issue33Lefkowtiz.html (accessed June 09, 2008).
[4] J.Peter Pham, “Playing with Fire: South Africa’s Dangerous Terrorist Liaisons, Strategic Interests,” World Defense Review, October 18, 2007, http://worlddefensereview.com/pham101807.shtml (accessed December 10, 2007).
[5] Sam Sole & Stefaans Brümmer, “Bid to hijack SA bio-stocks,” Mail and Guardian, April 25, 2003. http://www.mg.co.za/articledirect.aspx?articleid=19193&area=%2Finsight%2Finsight__national%2F (accessed June 09, 2008).
[6] Ibid
[7] Ibid
[8] Ibid
[9] Annelie Botha, “PAGAD: A Case Study of Radical Islam in South Africa,” Terrorism Monitor, Jamestown Foundation. 3, (17), September 08, 2005, http://www.jamestown.org/terrorism/news/article.php?articleid=2369781 (accessed June 10, 2008).
[10] US Department of State, “Patterns of Global Terrorism 2001,” Annual Report: On the Record Briefing, May 21, 2002, http://www.state.gov/s/ct/rls/rm/10367.htm (accessed June 10, 2008).
[11] Botha 2005 (see cite 9)
[12] African Eye News Service, “South Africa; US ready to boost SA’s anti-crime fight,” February 11, 1999.
[13] Annalie Botha, “The Prime Suspects? The Metamorphosis of Pagad,” Institute for Security Studies. Monograph 63, July, 2001, http://www.iss.co.za/Pubs/Monographs/No63/Content63.html (accessed June 10, 2008).
[14] Anthony Holiday. “South Africa; Foreign policy? What foreign policy?” Mail and Guardian, September 04, 1998.
[15] Ibid
[16] Ibid
[17] Dale Stockton, “FBI trains elite crime fighters,” Law and Order, 48 (10), October 2002, p. 56- 60.
[18] US Department of State, “Country Reports on Terrorism.” Counterterrorism Office. April 2010.
[19] Pham 2007 (see cite 4)
[20] Ibid
[21] Phil Hirschkorn, “Embassy bombing defendants’ confessions admissible, says U.S. Judge,” CNN, January 29, 2001, http://archives.cnn.com/2001/LAW/01/29/embassy.bombings.trial/index.html (accessed June 10, 2008).
[22] Stephen F. Burgess, “South Africa from the Perspective of WMD Supply Networks: Indications and Warning Implications,” Strategic Insights, 6 (5), August 2007, http://www.ccc.nps.navy.mil/si/2007/Aug/burgessAug07.asp (accessed June 19, 2008).
[23] Ibid
[24] Lefkowitz 2004 (see cite 3)
[25] Ibid
[26] Ibid
[27] News24, “Al-Qaeda leaders in SA – CIA,” October 03, 2004, http://www.news24.com/News24/South_Africa/News/0,,2-7-1442_1599015,00.html (accessed June 08, 2008).
[28] Ibid
[29] Pham 2007 (see cite 4)
[30] Ibid
[31] Ibid
[32] Kurt Shillinger, interview with author, June 04, 2008, Johannesburg, South Africa.
[33] Ibid
[34] Karima Brown, “Government too willing to be US proxy on ’terror,” Business Day, January 30, 2007.
[35] Ibid
[36] Pham 2007 (see cite 4)
[37] John Soloman, “The Danger of Terrorist Black Holes in Southern Africa,” World Check Terrorism and Insurgency Unit, 2007, http://www.world-check.com/media/d/content_whitepaper_reference/World-Check_article_Danger_Terrorist_Blackholes_Southern_Africa.pdf (accessed June 10, 2008).
[38] Ibid
[39] Paul Sperry, “U.S. warns of al-Qaida from South Africa: Inspectors on high alert for operatives using nation’s passports,” WorldNetDaily, August 06, 2004. http://www.worldnetdaily.com/news/article.asp?ARTICLE_ID=39853 (accessed June 09, 2008).
[40] Andrew Meldrum, “Terror link to South Africa after gun battle,” The Guardian, August 06, 2004, http://www.guardian.co.uk/print/0,,4987255-1110626,00.html (accessed June 09, 2008).
[41] Ibid
[42] Sperry 2004 (see cite 39)
[43] Buanews (Tshwane), “South Africa: National Passport Found on Al-Qaeda Member ‘Fake.’” June, 15, 2011.
[44] Jonathan Schanzer, “Pretoria Unguarded: Terrorists take refuge in South Africa,” Weekly Standard, 12 (35), May 28, 2007
[45] Kurt Shillinger, interview with author, June 04, 2008, Johannesburg, South Africa.
[46] Matthew Hay Brown, “Mandela still on U.S. terror list,”The Swamp. June 27, 2008.
[47] Ibid
[48] Ibid
[49] Ibid
[50] John Soloman, “New Report of Terrorist Camp in South Africa,” Jamestown Foundation, 4 (12), May 01, 2007, http://jamestown.org/terrorism/news/article.php?articleid=2373363 (accessed June 10, 2008).
[51] Ibid
[52] The Star, “Kasrils says CIA report on al-Qaeda is nothing new,” October 04, 2004.
[53] S. Matthews, “South Africa: An Assessment of South African Response to September 11 and the Resulting War on Terrorism,” Weltpolitik. March 23, 2004. http://www.weltpolitik.net/print/1481.html (accessed June 08, 2008).
[54] The Presidency, South Africa, “Mbeki on Terror Attacks in US Cities,” September 12, 2001, http:// www.gov.za/events/2001/usa_attacks.htm (accessed June 02, 2008).
[55] Anonymous, interview by author with former US Government official, November 14, 2008, Washington DC, USA.
[56] ANC (African National Congress), “ANC on Attacks on US Targets,” September 12, 2001. http://www.anc.org.za/ancdocs/pr/2001/pr0911a.html (accessed June 02, 2008).
[57] DFA (Department of Foreign Affairs), “Statement on Military Strikes Against Afghanistan,” 2001, http:// www.gov.za/events/2001/usa_attacks.htm (accessed June 02, 2008).
[58] Matthews 2004, (see cite 54)
[59] Makhenkesi Stofile, “Premiers Comments about the US attacks,” September 13, 2001, http://www.info.gov.za/speeches/2001/010917945a1007.htm (accessed March 15, 2011).
[60] Tony Leon, “Doing our Duty: SA’s place in the fight against terror,” September 12, 2001, http://www.da.org.za/DA/Site/Eng/Speeches/Speech.asp?ID=212 (accessed June 08, 2008).
[61] SAPA (South African Press Association), “SAfrica: “US Envoy Thanks SA For Support,”’ September 12, 2001.
[62] Ibid
[63] SAPA (South African Press Association), “SAfrica: Bush phones Mbeki, “does not ask for military support,”’ September 19, 2001.
[64] Ibid
[65] Ibid
[66] Anthony C. LoBaido, “South Africa-Islamic terrorist connection. Do radical Muslims control ANC’s biowarfare stocks?” WorldNetDaily. September 29, 2001, http://www.worldnetdaily.com/news/article.asp?ARTICLE_ID=24706 (accessed June 08 2008).
[67] Ibid
[68] The White House, “President Calls Airline Crash Heartbreaking,” Remarks by the President and Former President of South Africa Nelson Mandela in Photo Opportunity in Rose Garden, November 12, 2001,
http://www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases/2001/11/20011112-3.html (accessed 06 March 2008).
[69] Ibid
[70] Peter Vale, “Crusade to settle scores,” Mail and Guardian, January 11, 2002, http://www.mg.co.za/articledirect.aspx?articleid=145789&area=%2farchives%2farchives__print_edition%2f (accessed May 05, 2008).
[71] Ibid
[72] The Star, “South Africa Fast-Tracking New Anti-Terrorism Law, Says Official.” October 22, 2002, p. 3.
[73] ANC Today, “Iraq Crisis: Join the campaign against war,” 3 (4), January 31- February 06, 2003, http://www.anc.org.za/ancdocs/anctoday/2003/at04.htm (accessed 10 June 2008).
[74] Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma, “Statement by Minister of Foreign Affairs to the General Assembly Debate of the 55th Session of the United Nations General Assembly,” New York, September 13, 2000.
[75] Kurt Shillinger, “After London: Reassessing Africa’s Role in the War on Terror,” AEI Online, September 06, 2005, http://www.aei.org/publications/pubID.23130/pub_detail.asp (accessed June 08, 2008).
[76] News24, “CIA runs Scorpions,” October 09, 2005, http://www.news24.com/News24/South_Africa/News/0,,2-7-1442_1813749,00.html [accessed June 07, 2008].
[77] Ibid
[78] Adam Habib, interview with author, June 20, 2008, University of Johannesburg, South Africa.
[79] Ronnie Kasrils, “Keynote Address at the dialogue on Southern Africa and international terrorism. Brenthurst Foundation,” January 27, 2007, http://www.thebrenthurstfoundation.org/Files/terror_talks/Keynote%20Address%20by%20 Minister%20%20Ronnie%20Kasrils.pdf (accessed July 21, 2008).
[80] Ibid
[81] Melissa Goodman, “Censorship at the US border,” Mail and Guardian, November 20, 2007, http://www.mg.co.za/articlePage.aspx?articleid=325325&area=/insight/insight__comment_and_analysis/ (accessed June 13, 2008).
[82] Sarah Lyall, “In Shift, U.S. lifts Visa Curbs on Professor,” The New York Times, January 21, 2010, http://www.nytimes.com/2010/01/21/world/europe/21london.html (accessed March 08, 2011).
[83] Fadl Nacerodien et al., interview with author, January 17, 2008, Pretoria, South Africa.
[84] Ibid
[85] Farah Khan, “Mandela to Apologize for Supporting U.S. on Terror War,” Inter Press Service, January 05, 2002, http://www.commondreams.org/headlines02/0105-01.htm (accessed March, 08, 2011).
[86] Shillinger 2005 (see cite 76)
[87] Adriana Stuijt, “UK Cracks Down on South African Passport Holders from March,” Digital Journal, March.10, 2009, http://www.digitaljournal.com/article/266934 (accessed March 15, 2011).
[88] Constitutional Court of South Africa, “Mohamed Judgment,” May 28, 2001, http://www.capdefnet.org/pdf_library/Mohamed_Judgment.pdf (accessed June 12, 2008); BBC News, “SA extradition ruled illegal.” May 28, 2001, http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/1356574.stm (accessed May 20, 2008).
[89] Global Jihad, “Khalfan Khamis Mohamed,” October 27, 2007, http://www.globaljihad.net/view_page.asp?id=518, (accessed May 10, 2011).
[90] Ibid
[91] SAPA (South African Press Association), “Deputy foreign minister denies US terror attack clues lead to South Africa,” September 21, 2001.
[92] Patrick O’Keeffe, “Britain and South Africa accused of ‘rendering’ terror suspects,” World Socialist Web Site, June 02, 2006, http://wsws.org/articles/2006/jun2006/safr-j02.shtml (accessed June 07, 2008).
[93] Ibid
[94] Ibid
[95] Amnesty International, “Pakistan/South Africa: Khalid Mehmood Rashid appears after 18 months of secret detention,” April 17, 2007, http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/AFR53/003/2007/en/dom-AFR530032007en.html (accessed June 28, 2008).
[96] Paul Simao, “Rendition Rashid Appears in Pakistani Court,” Reuters, April 18, 2007.
[97] Nacerodien 2008 (see cite 84)
[98] Anonymous, interview by Author with US Government official, January 17, 2008, Pretoria, South Africa.
[99] Dianne Hawker & George Matlala & SAPA (South African Press Association), “SA man held for UK terror threat,” Pretoria News, February 13, 2011, http://www.pretorianews.co.za/sa-man-held-for-uk-terror-threat-1.1025589 (accessed March 08, 2011).
[100] Ibid
[101] Agnieszka Flak, “South Africa denies high terror threat,” Reuters, May 30, 2010, http://www.reuters.com/article/idUSTRE64T1WL20100530 (accessed March 07, 2011).
[102] Ibid
[103] The White House, “Remarks by President Obama and President Zuma of South Africa before Bilateral Meeting,” Office of the Press Secretary, April 11, 2010, http://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/remarks-president-obama-and-president-zuma-south-africa-bilateral-meeting (accessed March 08, 2011).
[104] BuaNews, “Obama heaps praise on SA,” April 12, 2010, http://www.buanews.gov.za/rss/10/10041212551001 (accessed March 01, 2011).
[105] US embassy Pretoria, “Presidents Zuma and Obama meet at Nuclear Security Summit,” Department of Political Affairs, April 11, 2010, http://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=396358226224 (accessed March 07, 2011).
[106] Ibid
[107] Ibid
[108] Buanews 2010 (see cite 105)
[109] The Presidency of South Africa, “Mbeki on Terror Attacks in US Cities,” September, 2001, http:// www.gov.za/events/2001/usa_attacks.htm (accessed 02 June 2008).
