Ever so slowly over the past two decades, and gaining momentum since the April 2002 Israeli destruction of the West Bank town of Jenin, American attitudes toward Israel appear to be changing, according to some public opinion analysts. The American Public Opinion and U.S. Foreign Policy polling unit, which works on behalf of the Chicago Council on Foreign Relations, has argued that the American opinion shift accelerates with each perceived Israeli outrage, such as the saturation bombing of much of south Lebanon and south Beirut during the July 2006 war; the massive civilian slaughter, more than one-third women and children, in Gaza during the winter of 2008/9; the May 2010 murders and carnage committed against the Mavi Marmara, including the assassination of 19 year old American Furkan Dogan; and the cumulative effect of a half century of Geneva Convention and international law violations by Israel against occupied Palestine and Lebanon.
Some opinion analysts, like the 2009 Zogby International poll of American attitudes toward Israelis and Palestinians, express surprise with what they are learning from the American public and detect significant changes in American public attitudes favoring US disengagement from Israel.
Such changes in attitudes are not yet evident in Congress or in the Office of the Vice President. But then, as one of Biden’s Democratic Congressional colleagues from Cleveland Ohio just recently reelected and now planning to force a Congressional vote on withdrawing from Afghanistan, noted this week, “Joe’s a nice fella but a God awful slow learner! Cracks and fissures are shooting around and inside Joe’s great American pro Israel public opinion vase etched in gold with the words: ‘US Support for Israel Must Continue Forever!’
The New York Times’ Tom Friedman seemed to concur during meetings in Israel recently:
US support for Israel could shatter like Humpty Dumpty — and it could get ugly…. You are losing the American people who believe me, are fed up with the Mideast in general. But they’re also fed up with Israel. When they see their president working hard to try to tee up an opportunity … And you say ‘No, first pay me – let Jonathon Pollard out of jail, have Abu Mazen sing Hatikva in perfect Yiddish, and then we’ll think about testing.’ It rubs a lot of Americans the wrong way.
Changes of US citizens’ attitudes toward Israel are evident in Lebanon also. Hundreds of Americans and other foreigners have visited Shatila and other Palestinian refugee Camps in Beirut in the past few years, according to the Sabra Shatila Foundation that conducts tours of the camp. Many visiting Americans have been surveyed by various firms and the results mirror recent surveys from the States. Several explanations are being offered by pollsters for the developing American public opinion shift away from support for Israel.
One is the growing perception that Israel, despite its consistent claims of self-defense and accidents, when it attacks and kills civilian populations, is in fact the aggressor and lacks respect for non-Jewish lives. Growing American revulsion at the increasing incidents of verbal assaults on Arabs and Muslims, and racist hate speech graffiti by the Israeli public, internet defamation by elements of the US Israel lobby, and seeming encouragement by Israeli officials and some Rabbis ensconced among the more than 100 illegal colonies in occupied Palestine.
Two often mentioned examples are the followers of the late Rabbi Mordechai Eliyahu, who regularly broadcast his calls that “All of the Palestinians must be killed; men, women, infants, and even their beasts”, and Rabbi Yizhak Shapiro, who lately published the book The King’s Torah, in which he detailed the “jurisprudence” sanctioning the killing of Palestinian infants and children. The White House has reportedly been surprised by the number of Americans objecting to or even knowing about these kinds of outrageous and immoral US-funded extremism that has been going on for half a century.
Americans are becoming weary of Israel constantly moving the goal post in the “peace negotiations” and Israeli officials undercutting the American President and flaunting their power in Congress and using the US-Israel lobby and media juggernaut to ridicule him. When Obama condemns Israeli settlement building and calls for suspension, within days, Israel often announces more settlement construction, often claiming mere coincidence.
A growing belief among the American public that Israel takes the US for granted and is only interested in its own economic and military benefits at American expense. Just this week, President Obama criticized Israel for announcing another stage in the approval process of 1,300 housing units in the Jerusalem neighborhoods of Pisgat Ze’ev and Har Homa. He warned:
This kind of activity is never helpful when it comes to peace negotiations. I’m concerned that we’re not seeing each side making the extra effort involved to get a breakthrough.
Israel’s reaction was immediate, condemnatory and harsh. Knesset Members as well as AIPAC staff attacked President Obama, saying that he is ignoring the reality of Israel’s needs in Jerusalem. MK Avi Dichter, told the Jerusalem Post that the American people are smart enough to “understand that there is no chance that Jerusalem will return to the 1967 borders. But they are either not smart enough or still don’t understand that the most sensitive part of the negotiations is Jerusalem. For their President to deal with Jerusalem at the beginning of negotiations is a recipe for failure.” Bar Ilan University professor Ehud Gilboa added that he does not think Obama will “lay off” Israel in the near future:
I believe he has an obsession with Israel. He will want to get the talks between Israel and the Palestinians going only because he wants to be remembered in history as the one who is signed on the peace agreement. We expect him to be a one term President and I don’t think he warrants being taken seriously.
More Americans appear to be tiring of Israeli officials telling them they don’t understand how to view Israeli land confiscations, ethnic cleansing, and use of American cash and weapons. One poll conducted during October 2010 of Americans living in Beirut asked about Israeli PM Netanyahu calling the United Nations’ Goldstone Report “a modern day blood libel.” Only 4% of the Americans believed this. But 85% believed that Israel manipulates this term and also the Nazi crimes against Jews during WW II to justify its occupation and treatment of Palestinians.
Opinion analysts at Rasmussen Polls Delaware believe changes in US public attitudes are also due to the collapsing American economy. The US public is getting angry, loud, and distressed. Perhaps always a little paranoid, it is more despondent and pessimistic. Americans have generally believed in the country’s capacity for regeneration, that a new awakening is possible at any time. Now, 63 percent of Americans don’t believe that they will be able to maintain their current standard of living. American companies like Apple and Coca-Cola, Google and Microsoft are putting their money, not in the US but in Asia, where labor is cheap and markets are growing. The US government’s debt now exceeds 90 percent of the gross domestic product and more than half of all Americans don’t believe that the America Dream is still realistic, but rather that their country is dysfunctional and its Congress corrupt.
It is not sure how the Tea Party will ultimately view Israel being given annually a total of approximately $5 billion and then investing approximately 60% of it in interest bearing accounts while every penny of the US taxpayer money it gets must be borrowed by Washington with US taxpayers paying the interest on cash gift to Israel. But isolationism and xenophobia are on the rise with growing numbers of American unhappy with what they see as Israeli “shenanigans at US taxpayer expense”, according to a Congressional staffer who, during a recent ‘brown bag’ lunch in the Cannon Congressional House Office building cafeteria, was warned about speaking out against US aid to Israel to fellow staffers. He explained:
We’ve got two criminal wars, one in Iraq and one in Afghanistan, that have cost this country, in real terms more than two trillion. The government debt continues to grow, from 57 percent of GNP in 2000 to 83 when Obama got elected and the national debt of $13.8 trillion and growing by the hour. That amounts to 94 percent of GNP, and in two years it will exceed 100 percent. We can’t afford Israel financially and never could afford them morally, politically or what they have done with American weapons!
Likely Republican Majority leader Eric Canton, one of the three key leaders of the Israel lobby in Congress is reportedly terrified that the Tea Party will insist, as rumored, on enacting Legislation that terminates foreign aid of all kinds if the U.S. unemployment level rises above 4-percent. Consideration would be given to restarting foreign aid when the unemployment level drops below 4-percent and remains below 4-percent for 12 months. Canton must figure out how to protect Israel’s cash with having the Tea Party come after him. I may be recalled that Canton is floating an AIPAC scheme to take US funds of Israel out of Foreign Aid and call it “Homeland Security” expenditures, “in order to save it from foreign aid cutting zealots.”
Public opinion analysts are increasingly seeing that the American public wants to distance itself from Israel. But it is unlikely that Congress will, in the short term, follow the public’s lead. This conclusion is supported by the just passed congressional amendments that authorized the increase of U.S. weaponry, ammunition and war supplies stored in Israel to a record $1.2 billion, Defense News reported this week. The value of U.S. weapons to be prepositioned in Israel will reach $1 billion in 2011, with another $200 million added in 2012. Once the weaponry arrives, the amount of U.S.-owned materiel available for Israel’s emergency use will have jumped threefold since 2007. Over the past two years, logisticians and war planners from U.S. European Command and the Israel Defense Forces elevated war stocks to the then congressionally authorized threshold of $ 800 of equipment — ready for Israel’s next war against Lebanon or Syria or Iran-or all three countries.
One pro-Israel group dismayed by the shift in American public opinion is the Anti-Defamation League (ADL), which sounded the alarm this week at the Canadian governments sponsored Inter-Parliamentary Coalition for Combating Anti-Semitism (ICCA) held at Parliament in Ottawa “to inspire parliamentary action against anti-Semitism around the world.” Fifty countries from six continents sent delegations to help combat what ADL’s Abe Foxman, claims is a dangerous softening of US public opinion for Israel.
The conference adopted an Ottawa Protocol on Combating Anti-Semitism — building on the 2009 London Declaration on Combating Anti-Semitism of 2009, which has built on more than 50 similar initiatives over the past 98 years since ADL was launched in 1913.
ADL’s current focus, according to Christopher Wolf, who chairs ADL’s Internet Task Force on “cyber hate”, is “to take the lead and show the American public why they must stick with Israel during these days of Islamist terror against Americans and their only reliable ally, Israel.”
One of Abe Foxman’s problems is that many Americans are distancing themselves from ADL’s nonstop “fear and smear” campaigns. Another is that history, along with the American public, is accelerating its rejection of the Zionist colonial enterprise in Palestine.
I am a U.S citizen and I am completely fed up with Israel and their horrible, horrible behavior and my country’s commitment to this Judeo-Nazi state.
I am a hard working U.S citizen who is disgusted my tax money has to go to this failed state who could not survive or continue their bullying with out our government being bought by these judeo-nazi’s. AIPAC should be considered a spy ring..
American and Israeli Zionists shape American policy towards Israel (and the rest of the Middle East). American public has not been able to challenge the injustice they have perpetuated in the Middle East, especially against the the Palestinians. But American tax-payers’ money is used to carry out such crimes under various guises.
What about the attacks always targeting Israel. I think that Israel shows restraint in dealing with them. If your city was constantly being targeted by rockets would you allow your children to be in harms way? I doubt that.
Yes, American funds are given to Israel but funds are also spent on many other initiatives like funding the Oman, Palestinians, and other countries to more money that Israel receives. What about the fact that Israel has no real partner that they could negotiate with. All of them including the late late leaders did not have the guts to allow their own people the chance to have peace in the region. You guessed it, Mr. Arafat. What about their responsibilities toward peace in the region.
Steven, the U.S. does not support attacks targeting Israel, as you know. It does support Israeli crimes against Palestinians. We are responsible for our own actions, not the actions of others beyond our control.
Israel has as much right to exist in this world as America or any other country. Israel is God’s chosen people and America needs to understand we need to leave Israel alone.Only God has the right to deal with Israel. We need to take care of all our mistakes and let God take care of Israel.No one has the right to tell Israel how to lve . We in America have more problems than we can deal with so we need to take care of us and let God take care of Israel.
Sandra, states do not have a “right to exist”. The proper framework for discussion is the right to self-determination. It’s not the Palestinians who are denying that right to Israel, but Israel which is denying that right to the Palestinians.
As for your argument that “We in America have more problems than we can deal with so we need to take care of us and let God take care of Israel”, I’m sure you must agree, then, that the U.S. should cease its financial, military, and diplomatic support for Israeli crimes.
All people are ‘God’s chosen people’ – Israelis, Palestinians, Americans, Afghans anyone.
It is what we do on this planet that determines our godliness.
Word.
I applaud the consistency in all Foreign Policy Journal’s articles regarding Israel. There is never a diversion from the “company line” that anything and everything Israel does is bad or evil, including just being Israel. I’m starting to wonder if perhaps there’s just one writer using a bunch of fictitious names.
This article is as inaccurate and unfair as any other. There are numerous factual as well as implied errors by the writer, who, let me just make a guess, really does not like Israel.
As for Jenin, it was not destroyed. It is still there and probably prospering more than prior to 2002.
Yes, it was the site of war and all it’s ugliness. Snipers and an ambush cost 33 Israeli lives which could have been avoided had Israel taken the easy way and just leveled buildings suspected of harboring terrorists.
And while the Arabs claimed there was a massacre, the evidence proved otherwise.
Nonetheless, I will agree that evil forces have been trying to convince America that Israel is no longer worth the moral and material support that have traditionally been supplied.
It’s quite simple really. Tell a bunch of lies, exaggerate the financial support of American money going to Israel (3 billion, not 5) play on Americans economic fears , and accuse Israelis and by extensions Jews, of playing on the Holocaust and anti-Semitism in order to fain an unfair advantage. The result will be a drop in support of Israel. Didn’t Hitler say that it made no sense to tell small lies when people will more readily believe larger ones?
That’s what goes on here. Tiny little Israel is made to be an evil giant harmful to not only it’s neighbors but the entire world. You know what’s funny? There never a mention of ANYTHING evil done by the countries or peoples surrounding Israel. They must be complete angels.
I’m hoping Americans are smart enough to see through FPJ propaganda and recognize the truth.
With all due respect (and while I agree that FPJ’s anti-Israel bias is a little too glaring) you are quite wrong.
The Second Intifada (and the Jenin assault) utilized some of the most aggressive COIN tactics employed in modern warfare. “Walking through walls” an infantry strategy was employed extensively in Nablus and Jenin and just so happens involves blasting through buildings to avoid enemy defensive positions. The IDF also used some of the highest incidences of house demolitions and targeted assassinations to strike high-value targets.
So yes Israel did indeed destroy buildings suspected of harboring terrorists – extensively in fact. The 33 dead IDF soldiers simply cannot be attributed to IDF restraint.
Where I agree is that Israel is not the sole source of Middle Eastern instability and it is unfair to attribute it as such (as some FPJ articles seem to) — however it certainly is a major contributor and as such should be addressed and criticized where necessary. —- in my opinion for example one area is that the West Bank continues to be heavily militarized, the Abbas government isolated and impotent due to IDF restrictions — DESPITE the incidence of violence at its lowest point in history (according to Israeli intelligence Shin Bet incidentally)
These are things any pro-Israel supporter should indeed point out, if only for the long-term benefit of Israel itself.
John, authors submit articles. I review and publish them. Any bias, real or alleged, is the author’s own. As it states in my submission guidelines, I am happy to publish articles from whatever perspective, whatever point of view. My editorial policy can be summed up: everyone is entitled to their own opinions, but not their own facts. Incidentally, in reply to the same charge from Barry if “bias” at FPJ, I’ve invited Barry to submit an article to present whatever he feels as the “other” side. He’s so far declined to do so.
Oh no. I did not mean to imply that you are selective in your publishing.
I do hope however that you receive more articles that also present the other side of the argument more cogently than some of the comments here.
Is there really a way to cogently argue the “other side” of ethnic cleansing, apartheid, settler-colonialism, collective punishment, dehumanization, discrimination, and aggressive military expansion in violation of international law? [My guess is that Barry Lubotta would unconvincingly claim that you can.]
It would seem that the issue isn’t so much selective publishing, but rather selective humanity and memory.
Yes, my editorial policy would forbid such articles, inasmuch as any submitted piece promoting or attempting to justify violence, criminal actions, and/or hatred will be rejected. Perhaps this is the “bias” FPJ has been charged with.
Barry however is right on a couple of things.
1. Israel is one part of the regional problem. Let’s be frank – the Egyptians, Jordanians, Saudis etc. have done little for the Palestinians other than talk. And the Iranians have done little more than help arm them more often that not for their own strategic gains than any altruism.
2. The term “crime” is thrown around rather cavalierly in regard to IDF responses. Barry is absolutely right on one thing — how would any country react to a sustained campaign of terrorism and violation of its sovereignty? Sure rockets may not hit all that much — but imagine just a few border towns in Arizona and California being hit 20-30 times a year by cross-border shelling/incursions. Would the U.S. not react forcefully?
Now imagine the Second Intifada that claimed over a 1,000 Israeli lives…
And in terms of disparities in death tolls – a conventional military fighting an asymmetric foe in urban settings cannot be surgical no matter how hard it tries. Although Israeli targeted killings etc. have a remarkably high precision rate (about 70%) compared to others (think coalition forces in Afghanistan)
3. If Israel today is increasingly radical, the Arab world bears a large brunt of that blame. Israel up until arguably the invasion of Lebanon in 82 (when it faced conventional armies) was remarkably willing to cede territory and make painful compromises for real sustainable peace but received a complete lack of reciprocity — think Egypt — the one country that truly engaged for peace now exists in relative harmony with Israel
Also little known fact — post Oslo — the IDF truly did try to exercise restraint — between September 1993 and September 1998 Palestinian terrorists attacked Israeli targets more than 90 times and killed 279 Israelis — yet the IDF did not mount a single large-scale retaliatory campaign ….. And then came the Second Intifada
John, your repetition of Israeli propaganda will surely make people like Barry Lubotta proud (see his subsequent comments below).
While your equivocation and justification for Israeli war crimes and crimes against humanity (and yes, the word “crimes” is completely accurate as per its usage and meaning by countless human rights organizations, the Geneva Conventions, the Nuremberg Principles, the UN Charter, the UN Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, and elsewhere) is impressive, I must address one thing you wrote in particular.
I will simply take something you wrote and make it more truthful:
“How would any dispossessed, displaced, and disenfranchised people react to a sustained campaign of terrorism and violation of its sovereignty in its own historic homeland at the hands of heavily-armed European colonizers backed by the world’s only superpower?”
To pretend that Israel is merely “responding” to attacks is to wholly subvert the meaning of the term “resistance” and to totally ignore the ethnic cleansing of the late 1940’s, the brutal 43-year-old occupation, and the ongoing collective punishment of today.
I wonder if the Israeli “restraint” you speak so highly of is extended, not just extensive military operations and assassinations, but also to the fact that after the after the Beit Lid suicide bombing in 1995, the government approved the construction and sale of 4,000 new settlement “units” in occupied land around Jerusalem. What about the massacre committed by Baruch Goldstein in 1994 (who is revered for the murder of 29 Palestinians) and the subsequent Israeli response of quelling the Palestinians response by killing another 25 people and implementing a two-week curfew in Hebron on the 120,000+ Palestinian residents, while allowing the Jewish settlers to move about without restriction. Is this even-handed restraint in your book?
Oh, also, does your “little known fact” include the Israeli operation “Grapes of Wrath” in 1996, when the Israeli Air Force conducted over 1,100 air strikes in Lebanon, firing over 25,000 shells, and killed over 150 civilians, displacing another 350,000 (that’s a minimum estimate)?
I wonder, I wonder, I wonder…
Yes, thanks, Nima. I neglected to include Grapes of Wrath in my own comment.
1. Agreed. But we (that is, Americans) are not responsible for what those countries do. We are responsible for what we do, and the truth is we financially, militarily, and diplomatically support Israeli crimes.
2. The term “crime”, “war crime”, “violation of international law” are used rightly with a great many of Israel’s military actions, including it’s assault on Gaza in ’08-’09 and it’s attack on the Mavi Marmara this year. Nothing can justify such crimes, any more than anything Israel does can justify Palestinian terrorism against Israelis. The question of whether other countries might not also react with disproportionate use of, commit war crimes, etc., if placed in Israel’s shoes is a pointless one.
The claim of Israeli precision targeting is false on its face, as its destruction of Gaza and deliberate attacks on the civilian population demonstrate incontrovertibly.
3. By the same logic, if Palestinians commit extremist acts, Israel bears a large brunt of that blame. Israel did not face “conventional armies” in ’82. It faced armed groups who had no heavy weaponry to match Israel’s tanks, jets, helicopters, etc.
Israel did not “cede” the Sinai to Egypt. It was Egyptian territory to begin with, occupied by Israel.
As for casualties, let’s have a look at the “restraint” of the IDF since 2000. Until Operation Cast Lead, 4,791 Palestinians killed. 1,397 Palestinians killed during Cast Lead. 123 Palestinians killed since Cast Lead. That’s 6,311 Palestinians killed by the IDF since 2000, compared to 498 Israelis killed in the same time period. A ratio of 13 Palestinians killed for every Israeli. That doesn’t include Palestinians killed by Israeli civilians.
And let’s look again at the “restraint” between ’93 and ’98. 428 Palestinians killed by the IDF, compared to 189 Israeli civilians and 108 members of the security forces. Adding in the 73 Palestinians killed by Israeli civilians, that’s 501 Palestinians killed to 297 Israelis.
Clearly, the Palestinians have always exercised far more “restraint” than Israel.
“Clearly, the Palestinians have always exercised far more “restraint” than Israel.”
Conveniently absent from that is ‘capabilities’ – The IDF could kill millions but relative to its capabilities exercises restraint. Also ignored in body counts is the general difficulty of fighting asymmetrically – civilians will suffer – it is not right but it is true. It does not necessarily equate to maliciousness.
Hamas and Palestinian militants kill as many Israelis as they possibly can regardless of who, what, where they are.
There is a distinction. And not to see it is selectivism at it’s finest.
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Baruch Goldstein was a terrorist plain and simple – and he is not revered. To imply as such is quite simply false.
I don’t defend the settlements – that to me is a religious minority hijacking the policy of the majority and is deplorable strategically, morally and legally. — so please argue me specifically.
As for the Sinai – correct me if I am wrong but I believe that was territory acquired after a combined Arab attempt at invasion — you are not allowed to cry when you are rolled back.
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Because the IDF “could kill millions” of Palestinians, but doesn’t, that is “restraint”. I don’t have a reply to that, I just wanted to repeat it, because it speaks for itself.
As for the argument about civilians suffering, yes, that tends to happen when you target them, such as the IDF did in Operation Cast Lead.
Baruch Goldstein is revered by many, and to deny that is quite simply ignorant.
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/685792.stm
“Militant Jews have gathered at the grave of Baruch Goldstein to celebrate the sixth anniversary of his massacre of Muslim worshippers in Hebron.”
You are wrong. The Sinai was Egyptian territory, which Israel invaded and occupied in 1956 when it waged an aggressive war against Egypt, and again in 1967, when it again launched a war of aggression against the UAR.
Obviously that was me replying.
Well yes Nima, it is nice and it does make me proud to read John’s comments for it is so rare to read anything that touches on the truth on this site. Of course, there you go again, spouting off your nonsense.
I have no qualms with your writing ability but I’m getting tired of the incessant attacks on Israel claiming this law and the UN. Israel is not in violation of International Law. There may have been opinions to the contrary but they are not Law. And where do these opinions come from? They come from a UN that is systematically against anything Israel and yet you buy into that?
Here’s the facts Nima. What you quote as “facts” (Bernard Baruch is revered) are YOUR facts but not my facts. Too much of what you write is misguided and off base. It’s lamentable is what it is but that’s who you are when you aren’t playing music.
No one familiar with Israel is going to be going to you any time soon for clarifications and the like. Too bad in a way, it’s quite possible that if you were willing to seek the truth you might sing a different tune. Not that this is likely in my lifetime.
Nonetheless, you give me a chuckle every now and then so carry on.
So, let me get this straight, Barry: Basing one’s arguments on international law and judgments of the world community based on international law, international legal and moral norms, is a fallacy? We should rather reject international law, reject the judgments of the world community based on international law, and reject international legal and moral norms? Have I got your logic about right?
Also, yet again, you say your interlocutor is wrong, yet cannot point to even a single error in fact made. “You’re wrong!” “You’re wrong!” “You’re wrong!” is not an argument. Try actually pointing out what you think to be an error in fact sometimes. It would least have the benefit of making discussions with you more interesting.
Absolutely wrong! The 33 dead israelis came about because the IDF put soldiers in harms way rather than bomb buildings indiscriminately. Israel knew they could easily have avoided the deaths but felt this was the more humane way to seek and destroy terrorists. They were lured into a trap and easily killed. Given the small population of Israel, this was a tragedy for the country. It was a heavy price to ensure that civilians were by and large not part of the conflict.
As for this being the lowest point of violence in the history of the country, perhaps it is but for the very reasons others condemn Israel. The security wall and checkpoints come to mind. If Israel were to back off on these fronts I somehow don’t think that violence would continue at the present levels.
Barry, denying that the IDF bombs buildings indiscriminately fits the definition of ignorance. Three words: Operation Cast Lead. Completely uncontroversial example.
Barry, $3 billion is the most conservative estimate based on just military aid. If you add the hundreds of millions in grants from other federal budgets, plus $2 billion in loan guarantees, $5 billion is a fair estimate. Do you have any other alleged errors in fact you’d like to point out (since you say they are “numerous”)?
Israel is a fantastic country and I feel the jewish people need to be protected. They have contributed so much to this world in every field while being discriminated against. Also, Israel is our only ally in the region. Long live US-Israeli friendship and hopefully it will become US-Israeli-Palestinian-Iranian friendship.
Okay I’m cnonviecd. Let’s put it to action.